Nursing Care Plan Essay

Customer name: Mrs. Chan Age/sex: 48/F Medical analysis: Fluid over-burden, diminished TK yield and diminished Hb Assessment date: 25-11-2012 Diagnostic articulation (PES): Excess liquid volume identified with traded off administrative instrument auxiliary to end-stage renal disappointment as proof by fringe edema and patient’s weight picked up from 69.8kg to 73.6kg inside 4 days. Appraisal Nursing Diagnosis Objectives and Expected Outcomes Nursing Interventions Bases Techniques for Evaluation Abstract information: 1. The customer guaranteed her weight began to pick up rapidly fourteen days before affirmation. 2. The customer revealed of tight and sparkly skin showed up on the appendages and face. 3. The customer griped on diminishing urinary yield fourteen days before confirmation. 4. The customer griped of expanding SOB and orthopnoea Target information: 1. Squeezing thumb for 5s into the limbs’ skin and expelled immediately brought about pitting and reviewed at +1. 2. The client’s weight picked up from 69.8kg to 73.6kg from 25/11/2012 to 29/11/2012. 3. Decreased CAPD yield was noted. 4. Moving bluntness on midsection was noted. Broken wellbeing design: Nourishment and Metabolism Issue: Overabundance liquid volume Etiology:â related to traded off administrative system optional to end-stage renal disappointment Characterizing attributes/ Signs and side effects : 1. Client’s weight picked up from 69.8kg to 73.6kg inside 4 days. 2. Fringe edema reviewed at +1. Objectives: The customer will display diminished edema on fringe. Anticipated results: 1. The customer can recover liquid equalization as prove by weight reduction got to by3/12/2012 2. The customer will have the option to verbalize the limited measure of essential dietary like sodium and liquid as endorsed by 3/12/2012. 3. The customer will have the option to exhibit 1 technique to get to edema by 3/12/2012 4. The customer will show 2 technique to help decrease edema by 3/12/2012 1. Continuous appraisals a) Record 24hrs admission and yield balance. b) Weigh at 0600 and 1800 every day 2. Restorative mediations an) Introduce the requirements for low sodium diet and the lower the liquid admission under 800ml b) Apply stockings while resting and check extremitiesâ frequently for sufficient flow. c) Advise the customer to hoist her feet when sitting 3. Training for customer and guardians a) Plan ROM practice for all furthest points each 4h b) Teach squeezing thumb for 5s into the skin and evaluating if show up in pitting. c) Educate the sign and disorder of edema. d) Teach to maintain a strategic distance from canned and solidified food and cook without salt and use flavors to include flavor. 1a) Weight customer every day can screen patterns to assess intercessions.( Lewis& Sharon Mantik., 2011) b) Monitor IO talk can decide impact of treatment on kidney work( Lewis& Sharon Mantik., 2011) 2a) High-sodium admission prompts increment water retention(Carpenito, L. J., 2010) b) Compression stockings increment venous return and diminish venous pooling. (Carpenito, L. J., 2010) c) This forestall liquid collection in the lower furthest points. (Gulamick and Myers, 2007) 3a) Contracting skeletal muscles increment lymph stream and decrease edema. (Carpenito, L. J., 2010) b&c) Client and guardian can help screen and control liquid over-burden ( Lewis& Sharon Mantik., 2011) d) Restrict the sodium admission can diminish the sentiment of ache to drink water. ( Gulamick and Myers, 2007) 1. Continue minding the difference in client’s weight. 2. Survey the client’s edema condition each day by squeezing. 3. Request that the customer exhibit the technique for getting to and diminishing edema. 4. Request that the customer record the menu eaten for checking the dietary patterns. 5. Solicit the customer to verbalize disorder from edema.

Richard Branson and the Virgin Group of Companies in 2007 free essay sample

A. Issue Summary â€Å"Richard, you will wind up in jail or as a millionaire†. These are the expressions of the dean of Stowe, a private life experience school Branson dropped out at 17. His prosperity began by distributing a magazine called Student, at that point he proceeded onward to mail request records. This is the place the Virgin Group began. Richard Branson has built up his image in an enormous assortment of business sectors. The over-nature of the Virgin brand has made the customers not take the brand in a genuine way. One may contend that he extended his image excessively dainty. This absence of center and over-broadening could bring about further over interests in ventures that don't hold a consistent future. In this paper we will slow down the key of feeling of obvious enterprising confusion. We will address points, for example, distinct advantages, prevailing rationale, qualities of business sectors that comply with this rationale, and planning a corporate procedure and structure. We will compose a custom article test on Richard Branson and the Virgin Group of Companies in 2007 or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page B. Investigation †¢ Key Resources o Virgin Brand The Virgin name is the group’s most significant resource. The gathering is engaged with a wide range of business running from carriers, books, adornments to limousines. The Virgin Brand makes progress toward an incentive for cash, great quality, splendid client assistance, advancement, seriously testing and fun. The clients get these traits in an assortment of ways. This is the brand’s upper hand. o Branson Branson’s unconventional character, laid-back look and appeal are the substance of the Virgin brand. Branson exemplified the soul of â€Å"New Britain† to his age in light of his picture and enterprising soul. Branson went about as a magnet for potential business visionaries; his image effectively energized the making of new business thoughts to its advancement office in London, Sidney and New York. Branson’s restriction to corporate workplaces drove him to lead business from family homes, houseboats, and country estates. His picture radiated a cheerful way to deal with investigating new pursuits. Branson was dazzled by the Japanese way to deal with business. Their drawn out turn of events and spotlight on natural development were the key focuses Branson appreciated. His systems administration abilities began a youthful age. His first group was included cherished companion Nik Powell, and princely people, for example, Simon Draper and Mike Oldfield. Key administration of the Virgin Group is the casual relations among Branson and a little center of long haul partners who structure the senior supervisory crew of the gathering. Branson considers income and capital incentive as significant execution markers, as opposed to moving in bookkeeping benefits. His propensity to maintain a strategic distance from momentary available benefits makes his methodology perfect, moving in long haul capital development. †¢ Dominant Logic The capacity of the Virgin Group to work adequately with so little structure or the board frameworks owes a lot to the group’s interesting hierarchical culture. This is characterized as a rule by Branson’s the board style. His style mirrors his feeling of fun, slight for chain of command and formal power, duty to representatives and customers and faith in difficult work and individual obligation. †¢ Characteristics of Markets that Conform to this Logic o Consumer Branson needed to offer shoppers a â€Å"new deal† by constantly being watching out for business openings. Branson did as such by including adventure with direct deals to buyers and passing on the cost reserve funds from bypassing customary dissemination channels. o Dominant Incumbent Branson’s Virgin Travel is the prevailing occupant Virgin brand organization. Post 2002 recuperation in the carrier business, Virgin Travel had the option to turn the biggest benefit of the Virgin Groups. o High Entry Barriers to Other Start-ups The carrier and galactic organizations both include high section obstructions and critical beginning up costs. Notwithstanding costs, Branson likewise needed to haggle with governments so as to get endorsement. o Branson/Virgin Image Appeals to Customers Branson had faith in numerous organizations interlocking through administrative and value linkages in a communitarian arrange. He achieved this by having little organizations consolidated and accepts â€Å"small is beautiful† with quality through solidarity. Branson is a solid supporter of taking advantage of the huge enterprises. †¢ Designing a Corporate Strategy and Structure o Business Model Virgin Group is based upon the hypothesis of making an innovative hatchery and differentiating the partnership however much as could reasonably be expected. Branson doesn't need his best individuals to leave the organization and start their own endeavors. Rather, he likes to form them into moguls inside. The organization is centered around expanding into numerous business sectors. A portion of these business sectors incorporate travel, adornments, amusement, records, and versatile. His corporate system is centered around income and capital worth. He needs to expand his company’s genuine worth and a drawn out money age potential. He couldn't care less about his bookkeeping benefit. o Type of Structure The Virgin Group is organized as though they are 150 little organizations. Every one takes care of its, as though they are their own organizations. Workers have a stake in their prosperity. They believe they are essential to their individual organization since they are one-in-fifty or one out of many rather than one-in-several thousands. The entirety of the organizations are under the Virgin umbrella, however none of them are taken a gander at, as essentially an auxiliary. C. Options As for the degree for New Approaches to Customer Service, Branson needs to make an incentive for the clients entering with another rebellious demeanor, which looked to offer clients a superior other option. Branson would have liked to bring a much needed refresher. Virgin’s splendid client care approach strived to be â€Å"friendly, human, and loose; proficient however not corporate†. As per the money related consequences of select Virgin Companies from 2004 to 2006. Virgin Retail Limited had a negative net benefit in 2004. This part of Virgin could be taken a gander at to conceivably strip. So as to keep up the Virgin name a triumph. Branson may hope to unite a portion of his various brands later on. With the danger of Britain’s capital additions charge laws, this could dispose of the benefits of numerous seaward organizations, which Branson is engaged with. D. Suggestion We feel the best option for Branson and his Virgin Brand is investigate stripping out of certain business sectors and concentrating more for a littler scope. Richard should investigate putting more into the organizations that are performing great and stray from unbeneficial, high-hazard markets. On the off chance that Branson takes a gander at the monetary viewpoint of his organizations and conceivably strip in the poor performing ones, he might be progressively fruitful. Generally speaking, Branson has been for the most part fruitful as he continued looking for Virgin strength. There is some opportunity to get better in Branson’s methodologies; be that as it may, he will do what Branson needs to do. Also, this technique has clearly been effective hitherto.

What to Know About Therapeutic Rapport

What to Know About Therapeutic Rapport Phobias Treatment Print What to Know About Therapeutic Rapport A Component That Helps You Feel Safe and Respected By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on February 20, 2020 Tom M Johnson / Getty Images More in Phobias Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types Therapeutic rapport is an essential part of a healthy therapist-client  relationship, leaving the client feeling safe and respected so that therapy can be successful. Therapeutic rapport refers to the empathic (caring) and a shared understanding of issues between a therapist and a client. It implies a team approach to the management of these issues in contrast to an adversarial approach. With good therapeutic rapport, a client feels his therapist has his back in a way the allows him to face difficult-to-face problems. Likewise, the therapist in a setting with good therapeutic rapport feels respected in a way that allows them to speak clearly and freely. Importance of Developing Therapeutic Rapport The goal of developing a good rapport is to improve your chances for a successful outcome, along with developing mutual trust and respect, to foster an environment in which  you, the client, feel safe.   To develop a good rapport, your therapist must, among other things, demonstrate empathy and understanding. Therapeutic rapport is  a cornerstone of most forms of psychotherapy, including  cognitive-behavioral therapy. Treatment Planning In order to develop a therapeutic rapport, you need to feel confident that your therapist is an expert who is developing a treatment plan designed to meet your specific needs. How will you know if your therapist is taking the time to understand your needs?   From your very first session, your therapist should assess the difficulties you currently have. They will help you create a problem list and begin to prioritize that with you.  During the first few sessions, your therapist should outline the treatment plan for you and ask if its acceptable to you. They should revisit the plan in future sessions and consult with you about necessary modifications.  Your treatment plan should include goals and benchmarks, so its easier to self-report and assess your own progress. Your Therapist Should Be Genuine Genuineness is one of the ways your therapist can develop a healthy rapport with you. When your therapist is genuine, it allows you to see them as a human being, not just a mental health professional. If you see your therapist as being genuine, you are more likely to positively receive critical feedback about your progress. Some of the ways the therapist can demonstrate genuineness  is to: Provide supportive nonverbal cues, including eye contact and nodding in agreement.Give feedback in the moment, rather than in a later session.Encourage you to be active and feel empowered in regards to your treatment plan. Your Therapist Should Ask You for Feedback Although you are there for your therapists expert advice, you are also the client. Asking you  for feedback is another way your therapist can develop a good rapport with you and indicates they see you as an active participant in the healing process, so be honest. Asking a client for feedback: Shows your therapist cares about what you think and values your input.Gives you space to bring up anything thats bothering you about your treatment and individual sessions. If you sense that your therapist is genuine, you will also realize that therapists are human and arent perfect. Keep in mind that everyone is different, and what works in a treatment plan for one person may not work for you. One of the ways in which your therapist can recognize your uniqueness is by providing feedback about anything that doesnt seem to be working for you as an individual.Encourages teamwork between the two of you.Allows your therapist to repair any damage to your therapeutic relationship, whether its real or perceived. Therapeutic Rapport With Parents When your child is in therapy, his therapist should develop a good rapport with the parents or guardians as well. Anxiety disorders, such as social phobia, agoraphobia, and specific phobia, are highly treatable and the most frequently diagnosed class of mental health issues in adolescents and children. Therapeutic Rapport in Online and Telehealth Therapy With the advent of online and telephone options for therapy, the importance of therapeutic rapport is just as important, but more difficult to develop and assess. We know from history, that typed messages (think Facebook misunderstandings) and communications on the phone are more difficult to interpret since neither the client nor the therapist can visualize important body language clues. Online therapy which incorporates both audio and video may be better since the therapist and client can see one another and pick up nonverbal cues more easily. Keep this in mind if you are considering distance therapy and ask potential therapists how they work with this issue. When You Lack Therapeutic Rapport With Your Therapist Just as there are some painters who may a better job painting your house, there are some therapists that do a better job of establishing rapport. Yet, based on the definition of rapport, this effort is two-sided and requires effort on the part of both the therapist and the client. That said, personality can play a large role in developing rapport with your therapist. Even if a therapist is very compassionate and a client is very motivated to address their mental health issues, there are times when personalities simply dont mix. If you find yourself in this category, dont fret. It doesnt mean that you chose a bad therapist or that you have failed in your attempt to get help. There are many good therapists out there, and just as you may need to check out a few different places when looking for a new home or apartment to see which one matches your needs best, you may need to talk to more than one therapist before you find the one who can best help you work through and cope with any mental health issues.

Juvenile Offenders And The United States - 1092 Words

very state has its own Department of Corrections; this agency is responsible for the regulation and controlled of convicted prisoners. The Department of Corrections allows the safety of the community by performing safe and secure facilities which keeps the prisoners and offenders under control. In prison there are wide facilities are available for offenders and prisoners such as medical treatment, educational and vocational programs. These programs are there to help the offenders become better citizens. Corrections are providing the services to each state now for centuries. Every state has its own history of corrections, and every state is responsible for their department’s action and workers behavior. There are so many important rolls, regulation and lessons still need to be learned. Correction is not only for held the people behind the bars; it gives prisoners to reform and rearrange their lives in order. Probation has become more affective in United States compare to past d ecades. With prisons flowing full of criminals, alternative sentencing has been the top choice when dealing with adult violent offenders. Slowly Probation population has become larger almost the size of prison population. Probation officers have to deal with offenders, criminals under some type of supervisions like house arrests, electric monitoring and many more different things. In different States these enforcements will charge certain fines and fees for any extra services. Probation and ParoleShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Offenders And Child Welfare Agencies Across The United States1271 Words   |  6 Pagesworld, juvenile offenders are of particular concern. In 2014 alone it is estimated that over one million juveniles were arrested in America (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention). According to the National Institute of Justice, juveniles who begin a life of delinquency early are more likely to continue that trend into adulthood, and that once they enter the adult criminal justice system; they are more likely to become worse in their criminal conduct. While most juveniles are likelyRead MoreThe Effects Of Charging Juveniles Of Adults1689 Words   |  7 Pagescan we possibly try a juvenile as an adult when juveniles are proven to have diminished impulse control? This paper will discuss the history of charging juveniles of adults, discuss the issues that make this practice wrong while negating opposing arguments, and explain the various consequences that come with charging juvenile offenders as adults. When the United States was first established as an independent country, there was no such thing as â€Å"family court† or even the juvenile justice system. ThereforeRead MoreThe United States Juvenile Justice Court Was Based On The1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States juvenile justice court was based on the English parens patriae adopted in the United States as part of the legal tradition of England. But the efforts of the state to rehabilitate juvenile offenders with institutional treatment with the houses of refuge and reformatories failed. Today, the United States has 51 different juvenile court systems; the laws and statutes vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Thus, each state’s approach to handle the youth offenders is responsible forRead MoreChild Justice Act : Child And Youth Care Centers Or Prisons929 Words   |  4 Pagesminimum amount of time as deemed necessary by the judge; this is in stark contrast to the United States juvenile system where the re is variation in the age limits, which depends on the state lines. North Carolina’s minimum age is at 6-years; others use the age of seven with a majority using the age of seventeen. Juvenile supervision can be further extended its jurisdiction for individuals who were tried under a juvenile system well into their twenties. The South African Child Justice Act prescribes fourRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagescountries, the ending of capital punishment against juveniles has been accomplished through enforcement if specific provisions of international agreements, which prohibit the execution of a juvenile. Although, Capital punishment for adults is allowed under international law, the execution of a juvenile is not tolerated. Almost every country in the world have ratified or sign the United Nation Convention on the right of a child treaty. The United States is the only country with a pending reservation toRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is A System Modeled To Provide1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System is a system modeled to provide a legal setting where youths account for their wrongs or are offered official protection. A distinct juveniles justice system commenced in the United States over 100 years ago. The first juvenile court was e stablished in 1899. The system is founded under a range of core principles. First, juveniles are different from adults and hence need to be handled differently by the Justice System. Second, it is argued that juveniles differ from oneRead MoreJuveniles and The Death Penalty Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles and The Death Penalty *No Works Cited One of the most controversial issues in the rights of juveniles today is addressed in the question, Should the death penalty be applied to juveniles? For nearly a century the juvenile courts have existed to shield the majority of juvenile offenders from the full weight of criminal law and to protect their entitled special rights and immunities. In the case of kent vs. United states in 1996, Justice Fortas stated some of these special rightsRead MoreJuvenile Courts Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Courts in United States Persons aged below 18 years are regarded as underage and when they break the law they are not charged in the adult courts. They are charged in the young offender courts which are also called Juvenile courts. For an offender to be eligible for juvenile court, he or she must be under the state’s laws categorized as a juvenile. The age of 18 years is the maximum age at which an offender can use juvenile courts. The applicable age in a few states is 16 or 17 years, whileRead MoreThe Origins Of Juvenile Justice1385 Words   |  6 Pagesorigins of juvenile justice, from the house of refuge to the juvenile programs of today. Ans: In the early nineteenth century, the idea of reforming youth offenders took root in the United States. The House of Refuge in New York, which opened in 1824, was the first juvenile house of reform in the United States. This was the first attempt to house juvenile offenders in a separate facility and other States, like Maryland, would soon follow suit. The idea was not to punish juveniles offenders as adultsRead MoreJuvenile Court Systems And The Adult Court System1221 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the court systems in the United States there is a major distribution of probation between the juvenile court system and the adult court system. More than 70,000 juveniles were incarcerated in youth prisons or detention in 2010. Case studies show that more than 500,000 juveniles are taken to confinement centers every year. Not including the juveniles who by pass the detention center and make their way into the adult court system where they are later tried. Juveniles stand out of any pri son that

Essay on Compare The Homecoming and The Workbox by Thomas...

Compare The Homecoming and The Workbox by Thomas Hardy. The two poems I have chosen to compare are, The Homecoming and The Workbox by Thomas Hardy. In the poem The Homecoming, a newly married couple arrive home for the first time. The young bride is unhappy already in the marriage though the husband seems quite happy. In The Workbox, however, it is not a new marriage and we see the husband giving a workbox he has made to his wife and the story behind it. There are many different themes and attitudes in the two poems and they are very closely linked, sharing some of the same ideas. Thomas Hardy uses different poetic techniques in both to express his ideas and the attitudes towards women in the early 20th century.†¦show more content†¦Here it shows she is angry with her husband as dear is usually an affectionate term but being placed second in the sentence it gives a bitter feel. The idea that the husbands protected the women shows also how men thought women to be the weaker sex. In The Workbox, we see this as the husband keeps looking down to her such as when he says, little wife. The way the word wife rhymes with life emphasizes it and make it seem even more like he is the wiser partner who can protect and look out for her. In the poem, The Homecoming the new wife describes to her husband all the things she doesnt like about his house when she says, a floor o wretched stone, and nasty pewter platters, horrid forks of steel and bone, and a monstrous crock in chimney. This shows childishness on the girls behalf, possibly showing that all her life she has been treated like a lesser member of society, which is shown as an attitude towards women in the early 20th century. An attitude to marriage was that a girls father looks after her until she is married, then her husband takes up that job, which is shown in The Homecoming when her husband says to his wife, Ill sing to ee a pretty song, which is extremely

Family and Unaffected Manner Free Essays

EssayEdge Says: This is an excellent way to introduce a discussion ot a person who has influenced you significantly. Instead of launching immediately into a list of this man’s excellent qualities and admirable accomplishments, this introduction lays the foundation for a comprehensive look at just why the man had such a profound Impact on you. It also places the most Importance on the American Dream, as Is fitting In an essay Ilke this one Art Is e reflection of one’s self-identity In the most unaffected manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Family and Unaffected Manner or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because art is very personal, it has no right or wrong. The type of art that has influenced me most Is music. EssayEdge Says: The first two sentences in this introduction set the kind of tone you want to maintain throughout your essay: Introspective and creative. However, It moves on to a very boring and stilted structure in the third sentence. To keep the tone creative, you could replace that sentence with the following: â€Å"Although artistic expression can take many forms, It Is music that has captivated me. † Back to Top Who Am l? My name is . My ethnic background explains a lot ot who I am, and the values that I have developed. My name was chosen using a religious method that Is based on astrology. My parents are both from India and moved here only a couple of years before I was born. They spoke little English, and as a result, I was taught Gujarati as a first language. I grew up with a large family because my parents, grandparents, and my uncle’s family all lived In the same house. Growing up In this environment helped mold me into the man that I have become today. My family is religious and we went to the temple every week. Even as a child I attended temple schooling where they taught us about our heritage, which in turn educated me about where I came from. However, now I am not that religious and don’t go to the temple because believe It s becoming corrupted. My family and my parents In particular, provided me with the morals that I hold to be true. am very grateful of the way my parents brought me up. They always told me do to others ds you would Ilke them to do toyou. That phrase is what I keep in mind be never encountered the type of adversity that can crush people, that can drive people crazy, that can drive them to suicide. EssayEdge Says: This introduction is indeed compelling, but it raises important questions about appropriate content. Be careful to avoid writing a personal essay that Is far too personal. You do not want your reader to think that you might have character weaknesses that prevent you from handling stressful situations well. I chuckle to myself every time think about this. I am perceived as a mild- EssayEdge Says: Did the first sentence of this introduction confuse you? This was no doubt its intention. By creating a little mystery in the first sentence, the reader is forced to keep reading and keep wondering, â€Å"what is this kid’s secret? † until the final word, which pops in the reader’s mind, sort of like a gunshot: â€Å"riflery. â€Å" How to cite Family and Unaffected Manner, Essays

Miss Julie free essay sample

This play is mainly about two characters one who is obviously Miss Julie and the other Jean. Miss Julie is a twenty-five-year-old tragic heroine. The other major character Jean is a thirty-year old valet who is chosen as Miss Julie’s lover. There are other characters such as Christine and Serena who are relatively minor characters. The setting for this play takes place in a kitchen of the Count’s manor house on a Midsummer’s Eve. In the beginning of the play it starts off with Julie dancing in the kitchen. Christine goes on to say that the reason she is rambunctious is because she is realizing that her engagement is broken. With this rambunctious behavior Julie begins to flirt with jean. Although Jean does not love Julie he still plays along with Julie, saying kind words to Julie that were not from his heart. Later on that night Jean and Julie sleep together. We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Julie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then just like that after they have slept together Jean pretends like nothing ever happened and tells Julie he doesn’t love her. Enraged by this act of cruelty Julie confesses that she hates men. Later when the gossip is out Julie is ashamed of herself and is terrified of the consequences of the count. Julie then has no one else to run to for help except Jean, so she asks him what she should do and that she would do any thing for him to get her out of this mess. Terrified of the count Julie tells Jean to pretend he is the count and to hypnotize her. Jean does this but when he hypnotizes her he commands Julie to her death. Miss Julie the play has a straight forward message to the audience. The message is to all women saying to them to not give in very easily into a mens words. For example I have an uncle who always would tell me to always tell beautiful things to girls even if you don’t mean it because they fall for that. I personally never liked doing such acts, but for a lot of men out there this is a common strategy. Women should never give into a man very easily because that just tells the man that they have no respect for themselves. The play Miss Julie reminded me of my cousin and her boyfriend Ben. I pictured Jean in the play as Ben and Julie as my cousin, because even though Ben is dating my cousin it is obvious he does not love her. Just like Jean only pretended he loved Julie. Finally when my cousin realized he did not love her she also like Julie became enraged and gained hatred towards men. To this day my cousin would care less if she is single or not. Today in society I would say the problem with a lot young unwed girls getting pregnant in this day in age is due to the fact that they are not respecting themselves. This example reminds me of Julie how she did not respect herself in the play. Julie gave her heart to jean and jean shattered it in to pieces by just using Julie and then acting like nothing ever happened. One concrete statistic to prove that teenage pregnancy is getting out of control is from the Center of Disease: they say that one third of girls get pregnant before they are twenty (Teen Pregnancy). Miss Julie was a great play. It was though out very well by August Strindberg. One note to add about the play is that it had a lot of good messages to give to the audience. The Characters in this play were very easy to get into. Overall Miss Julie had a lot of positives to it and should be a play everyone should go to.

Media Unit (Bond) By Zac Southwood Essays

Media Unit (Bond) By Zac Southwood Essays Media Unit (Bond) By Zac Southwood Essay Media Unit (Bond) By Zac Southwood Essay For my media unit, I have chosen to study the opening sequence of Tomorrow Never Dies a James Bond film. I will describe and evaluate the dramatic techniques used in the sequence. I have studied the social and cinematic background to the James Bond movies as spy films and as the originators of their own genre The action spy adventure. I have watched the video of Tomorrow Never Dies, paying particular attention to the timings. I have also watched the video of Mission Impossible Two also paying attention timings. Hereinafter Mission Impossible Two will be referred to as MI2 and Tomorrow Never Dies as TND. I have studied the shooting script for TND and the original screenplay for Bond 18 later named TND.The opening scene of TND was set in a terrorist arms bazaar on the Russian border. James Bond has been sent there to identify terrorist suspects, a camera had been concealed with a satellite link to Headquarters in London where the mission was being controlled by British military office rs alongside British intelligence controllers. By way of the camera HQ was able to identify many of the worlds most dangerous terrorists and armaments they were trading. Admiral Roebuck decided that this was now a military matter and immediately ordered a missile strike to take out the whole bazaar. A scene showing the missile launch from an offshore battleship followed where it was stressed that from launch there was 4 minutes and 8 seconds to impact.Admiral Roebuck informed M the controller of British intelligence to get her man out of there and that he had 4 minutes and 8 seconds to do so. A message was sent to Bond, however further camera surveillance revealed that one of the jets at the bazaar had two Soviet nuclear torpedoes as part of its payload which should the missile strike would make Chernobyl look like a picnic. From the time that the missile strike was launched the events that followed took place in real time with the film sequence running exactly 4 minutes and 8 secon ds. Bond decided to do his job having realised the potential disaster he fights his way to the jet destroying arms and killing terrorists along the way. He boards the jet and flies it with its dangerous cargo out of the scene in precisely 4 minutes and 8 seconds just avoiding the missile impact.R Spottiswoode the director used many dramatic techniques to make the sequence as exciting and tense as possible. Admiral Roebuck is portrayed as an arrogant man who acts in haste at the same time as M is shown to be worried that his actions may be risky. The interaction between the characters creates dramatic tension with M being cautious and Roebuck gung-ho the resultant mistake confirms Ms fears. The conversation between Tanner and Bond, which leads to the revealing of the torpedoes and realisation dawning on, a now equally worried Roebuck ensures and enhances our realisation that there now really is a problem and great danger exists. Admiral Roebucks attempt to recall the missile and the failure of the missile to respond dramatically exposes the deadline of 4 minutes 8 seconds and Bonds reaction as now being crucial.Spottiswoode now emphasises the scene by having long shots tracking the missile as screen time runs in real time. Bonds time and our time as the audience are the same, this emphasises that Bond has an apparently impossible mission to accomplish in less than 4 minutes with a real countdown going on. Spottiswoodes techniques are in direct contrast to MI2 where there are also three time sequences and countdowns. Firstly a scene where Hunt has 40 seconds to penetrate the Atrium in fact runs to over two minutes of screen time. A further scene gives 10 seconds to get out of a bombed van which runs for 26 seconds and finally a 8 minute scene with Hunt isolated running 6 minutes and 30 seconds. None of these run in real time and run in a kind of slow motion, which is not as effective and exciting.Spottiswoode further enhances the excitement and tension with his use of cinematic techniques during the 4 minute 8 second sequence. He uses music during the scenes at headquarters to heighten the threat and tension along with the familiar James Bond theme music when Bond appears. The use of sound is also important with the commotion at the bazaar whilst fighting and the sound of the approaching missile all create excitement, which is then contrasted with the silence aboard ship, which emphasises the countdown to impact. The use of lighting with red light aboard the ship indicating a sinister danger and the shadowy headquarters where only the characters of M and Tanner are well lit, to indicate their worry, further sets up the atmosphere of the scene.The way the film has been cut and edited has all added to the sequence, short violent scenes without fades and dissolves are contrasted with longer scenes concentrating on the missile and M who is clearly worried. This theme is carried on with the action sequences being full of movement and increasing use of explosions and gunfire as opposed to shots of M standing very still and simply conveying her sentiment. Some of the shots used which are in extreme close-up for example a fist punching, a hand throwing, a hand planting a magnetic grenade, a face thinking, eyes narrowing created with rapid cuts and editing help to give pace to the sequence. We are therefore able to identify with Bond and the real time task that confronts him because it is in real time and the director has used virtually everything at his disposal, our tension is heightened by the impossibility of the task and increasing hope that Bond and we are going to pull it off.To conclude we know from the script that Real time is directors choice as there were originally only 2 minutes to impact. In fact the original script and shooting script was cut back by 10 pages and more to focus on this sequence. We can observe how the effect is heightened by techniques of rapid editing between scenes along with contrasting the a ction between explosive and silent and all running in real time, the audience is left spellbound. I found that this approach as opposed to type of slow motion sequences in MI2 to be more effective and enjoyable.

A Parents Guide to Notre Dame

A Parents Guide to Notre Dame Paris may have its legendary cathedral, but when it comes to famous Catholic universities, there is only one Notre Dame - and its in South Bend, Indiana. Heres the scoop: everything a parent should know about the Golden Dome and the Fighting Irish. The College: This venerable university with its glowing Golden Dome and breathtaking gothic architecture dates back to 1842. Its founder, a 28-year-old French priest, named it after Our Lady of the Lake, Notre Dame du Lac. The school is known for its top-notch academics - it regularly appears on the U.S. News World Reports top 25 - as well as its famous athletic programs and a 1,250-acre campus that belongs on any most beautiful list. Its stunning.Your child does not have to be Catholic to go here, but you should know that mass is held daily, the campus has 47 chapels and its prayer grotto is modeled after the one at Lourdes. Spirituality is important here and community service part of the schools ethos. Notre Dames 12,000 students - a figure that includes 8,400 undergrads - attend classes on the semester system. But the single most important thing parents should know is that Notre Dame students are so very happy here, both academically and personally, that 95% of the freshmen retur n sophomore year. And 95% of those students end up graduating from Notre Dame. Only Harvard and Princeton boast better stats. The Tab: Of course, all that glory - and all those small class sizes - comes at a hefty price. Tuition at the University of Notre Dame was $41,417 in 2011-12. Some 80% of the universitys students live in the colleges 29 single-sex dormitories. Add room and board - $11,388 - to the tab for a grand total of $52,805 per year. There is no Greek system here, but students remain in the same residence hall for all four years, which creates a tight-knit sense of community.The College Town: Technically, Notre Dame is in its own small town of Notre Dame, just outside South Bend. But from a parent perspective, thats mere envelope addressing. South Bend is the college town, and its a very nice one indeed with all the benefits of cosmopolitan life and small-town charm. In addition to visiting your college kid, you can also hike the winding riverbank trails, go white water rafting on the East Race Waterway or head for the recreational possibilities of Lake Michigan.Notre Dame is a two-hour drive ( 90 miles or so) from Chicago, so youll likely fly into OHare - although South Bend has its own small airport too. Just be aware that Notre Dame is on Eastern time, Chicago on Central. Chicago makes a great hub for any college tour. There are scores of terrific universities - Purdue, Northwestern, Loyola and more - all within a few hours drive. But if your interest lies in Notre Dame and Notre Dame alone, stay in South Bend, where there are plenty of hotels, including the much-beloved, 60-year-old Morris Inn, which is located right on campus. The Morris closed its doors in late 2012 for major renovations; it is expected to re-open in August 2013. (Tip: some hotels will give college visitors discounts, so be sure to call and ask - its not usually advertised online. Check with the Morris directly, when it reopens, to see if they plan to resume their parents club offers.)If youre visiting in the winter months, pack for snow. Its not as cold here as in Minnesota, but South Bend gets 81 i nches of snow per year and January temperatures drop down to the 20s and 30s Fahrenheit. One last thing: When its time for junior to fly home for the holidays, theres a bus service that runs between campus and OHare for about $35 one-way. More Important Details: This is a highly competitive school, but it produces some pretty incredible results. That high retention rate comes from the universitys first year of studies program, which teaches college study skills, helps students explore interests and offers support and guidance. Got a a possible pre-med? The Notre Dame acceptance rate into med school runs around 80% - the national average is closer to 40%. Community service is part of the culture here. Some 80% of the colleges students volunteer; more than 10% go on to join the Peace Corps.Got a musician with a penchant for sports? Notre Dames famous marching band dates back to 1843. Got a bel canto soprano, a bassoonist or jazz pianist? Notre Dame has an opera program, as well as jazz and classical performance and music education majors, and its performing arts center boasts five stages. But music majors here don’t declare until sophomore year, its possible to double major in music and another field, and auditio ns are for ensemble placement and scholarship consideration, not university admission. (Translation: Its a very fine program, but if your kid is considering Juilliard or Curtis, he probably wouldnt apply here. And if thats where you are in the decision-making process, this article on College Admissions for Music Majors may help.) Notre Dame is famous for its Division I athletics, and especially its Fighting Irish football team, which has notched 11 national championships and seven Heisman Trophy winners. More than 60 former players are in the College Football Hall of Fame. But Notre Dame also fields 25 other mens and womens varsity teams, as well as more than 80 intramural and club sports. Broom ball, anyone?Incoming Frosh Stats: Notre Dame is considered one of the nations 20 most selective universities, with a 29% acceptance rate. The average incoming freshman is in the top 4% of his high school class, with a SAT score of 1,390-1,490 out of 1,600 or an ACT of 32-34.The Law School: Notre Dames law school dates back to 1869 and its programs include the standard 3-year Juris doctor degree, as well as programs in international human rights and an LL.M. (Masters of Law) program in international law from Notre Dames London Law Centre. Admissions are extremely competitive, with more than 3,000 applicants vying for 183 places per year. The average accepted law student had a 3.64 college GPA and a 166 out of 180 on the LSAT. More? Visit the University of Notre Dames campus website for details on admissions for undergraduate study, law school, and grad school. This link will take you straight to information on scheduling a campus visit. If youre headed to the campus itself, visitor parking is at the corner of Eddy and Holy Cross Drive in Notre Dame, Indiana.

Marketing Ogden Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Ogden - Essay Example Motorcycle Classics is devotedly read by the young, middle aged and old aged people who are true motorcycle enthusiasts and live the dream of collecting and sharing information about the great iron rider. The marketing campaign for the chosen titles of Ogden Publications will be based on the concept of integrated marketing communications. According to Tony Yeshin (1998), integrated marketing communications refers to the coordination of several promotional techniques in a campaign in such a manner that the marketing objective is fulfilled. Ogden Publication needs to utilize a mix of integrated marketing tools such as public relations, direct selling, advertising, sales promotion etc. A very effective way for Ogden to promote and further strengthen its brand is through the effective use of social media marketing. The interactive form of PR will allow Ogden to communicate directly with its audience. Information about special issues, Ogden promotional fairs, sponsoring events and tips on adapting to a sustainable lifestyle will be delivered to the customers easily. The quick response about any new initiative by Ogden will serve as a feedback which would open doors for further improvement . The fans of Motorcycle Classics would find social media a great opportunity to exchange their knowledge and tips on bike riding, new and old models and finest motorcycle maintenance essentials. Fans of Mother Earth News and Utne Reader will share their views on a healthy lifestyle and personal DIY techniques effectively. It is a big challenge for Ogden to maintain the same feel and look across both online and print media. The most important way to do so is to identify the brand tone. This means that Ogden must decide if it wants to communicate in a formal or informal tone with its customers. Once identified and agreed, it must design marketing and PR campaigns in such a manner so as to maintain formality/informality in all online, print and face to face

Choose one topic from the suggested topics on Hamlet. I will upload Research Paper

Choose one topic from the suggested topics on Hamlet. I will upload again - Research Paper Example Hamlet serves as one of the greatest tragedies ever produced not only in the history of English Literature, but also in the history of all literary pieces of the world at large (Mack 44). Created by the illustrious dramatist of all ages William Shakespeare by 1602, the play concentrates upon the revenge to be taken by the protagonist Hamlet from the King Claudius for murdering his father while his sleeping in the orchard (Evans 197). Shakespeare has elaborated the theme of the play in a powerful manner through various characters involved into the developments associated with the revenge in one way or the other, which proves his command over depicting both goodness and evil (Daiches 562)-- the elements that exist in every personality as well as in all social establishments of the world without discrimination Macionis 130). Consequently, the playwright has skillfully portrayed the phenomena existing in the social, natural and physical environment of humans at large. By making a critica l examination of the protagonist, it becomes crystal clear that on the one side, Hamlet appears to be the representative of goodness, who looks determined to punish the cruel and treacherous murderer of his father (Bloom 410-11); and on the other side, he is confused and reluctant to kill Claudius while he is praying and meditating in his chamber (III, iii, 73-96). It successfully demonstrates the external and internal conflicts Shakespeare aims to define in the play (Denton 2009) through his characters. The internal conflicts haunt Hamlet first due to the his mother’s second marriage to Claudius within few weeks of the death of her first husband. It is therefore, he laments that even a beast, wanting the discourse of wisdom (I, ii, 149-50) could wait more than her mother, who did not bother to delay her incestuous marriage for some appropriate period of time even (I, ii, 156-57). Hence, Hamlet mourns the death of his father in the same manner that had been in vogue in the El izabethan era (Kirsch 21), where he has demonstrated his sheer feelings of love for his father by exclaiming that his inky cloak (I, ii, 77), reflects mere a small proportion of his grief. Similarly, he also experiences internal conflict on finding his uncle at the position of his father, though he is far inferior to his father in all regards, in the same manner that ordinary people are inferior to the mighty Hercules (I, ii, 153). Secondly, disclosure made by the ghost of his father regarding his foul and most unnatural murder (I. v. 25), also endorses his suspicion regarding Claudius’s hand in the murder of his father. Since Hamlet has learnt about the story of his father’s murder, he is urged by the ghost to take revenge from Claudius of such a cruel and unfair crime he has committed against King Hamlet. Hence, the ghost’s disclosure about the murder of King Hamlet turns Prince Hamlet aggressive, who prefers to stay in Denmark rather returning to Wittenberg t o continue his education. Inner conflict Hamlet undergoes could be discovered while his dealings with Ophelia, the girl he has been in love with. He not only intends to marry her, but also obtains a powerful response from her side too (III.i.112–

Etisalat and Total Quality Management (TQM)

Etisalat and Total Quality Management (TQM) Etisalat is one of the worlds largest telecommunication companies. It is the largest service provider of mobile facilities in United Arab Emirates. Etisalat claims to have almost a 100 million customers. The company is providing service in UAE, in Africa and now also in Asia. Etisalat has a profit of almost 8 billion dollars. Etisalat has also diverged into being on of United Arab Emirates largest internet providers. It is not only providing internet accessibility to customers but also to other companies who are in the same business. It is United Arab Emirates largest voice carrier and it is also Africas largest voice carrier.  Etisalat has roaming facilities in at least 186 countries around the world. Etisalat was founded in 1976. In 1983 , 60% of the share was bought over by the United Arab Emirates government and 40% share was sold in the open market. In 1991 it got the permission to provide wired and unwired telecommunication services within United Arab Emirates and also in other countries. During this time itself, the company got the license to produce, import or export tele-communication equipments. This step made Etisalat the monopoly over tele communication business in the United Arab Emirates. This not only started fetching the government huge revenues but it also developed the mobile sector of tele-communication and other tele-communication sectors in United Arab Emirates. It was a major achievement in this sector for the country. The companys profit grew to more than 80% and almost 700000 phone lines in the country are now owned by Etisalat. In 2001 Etisalat opened up its international ventures and it started business in Islamabad. Etisalat is the 6th largest company of United Arab Emirates and is the worlds 40th largest enterprise. It is United Arab Emirates largest revenue earner after the oil and gas industry. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT- AN INTRODUCTION: W. Edwards Deming was the person who invented the TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT concept. Total quality management refers to maximising customer satisfaction by minimising the errors. It involves optimal utilisation of resources. It involves training of employees to the maximum possible level. The most important aspect of Total Quality management is that it involves that the errors in production are removed completely. It involves giving the best to the customer. To give the best to the customer everything should be perfect in an organisation. The organisations functioning should be 100% so that the customer can as an end result get 100%. TQM is basically a set of functions which if performed shall ensure that all the customers expectations are exceeded or met. ETISALAT AND TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH: Total quality management approach has become very important in todays world. All customers want better than the best for their money. Todays customer is not easily satisfied. Etisalat has been wise enough to recognise this new emerging trend. Etisalat believes that quality is the key to overcome competition in todays modern market. More and more organisations all around the world are looking up to quality production for overcoming competition. The total quality management field is a new field. It is still developing. Etisalat has developed its own ways of quality measurement with passage of time. Etisalat believes that quality improvement is a continuous process. You can never stop improving the quality of the product or service that you are providing. Quality is the essence of any product or service. Total quality management has become very important for Etisalat over the past few years. There has to be a continuous flow of improvements in the services being provided if proper benef its of total quality management are to be realised. Although it must be noted here that Etisalat does not depend on total quality management for satisfying the needs of its customers and for achieving its target. Total quality management does not solve any managerial issues. (hashmi) Total quality management only seems to cater to the problem of customer satisfaction. Etisalat has customised its total quality management approach in such a way that it gives a purpose to the company to move ahead and develop its product more not only for the satisfaction of the customer but also for the overall development of the company including the increase in profits agenda. Although at the beginning Etisalat had some problems in adopting this new total quality management approach but then it realised that the economic conditions everywhere are changing and sooner or later the company had to make itself more customer oriented. Etisalats internet providing services were the first to adopt the total quality management approach. Soon the company started seeing positive changes. The actual number of new connections also got increased. After realising the positive affect of Total quality management the same was applied to the mobile service providing sector also. Etisalat also realised that one way to successfully apply the total quality management approach was to improve the quality of equipments being used to provide the services. Earlier the marketing agenda of the company was that it was providing services at the lowest possible cost. Now the agenda is providing the best quality at the lowest price. And this approach has shown tremendous positive results. Moreover the problems should be sorted out as soon as they are found. One should not wait for meetings and discussions to get over them get over the problems as soon as they are found. This is also a relatively new concept which has emerged from total quality management. (hashmi) Proper training of employees is the essence of the total quality management approach. The best possible training needs to be given to the employees for the best possible results. Training enhances the capacity to work. It allows the employees to work on a level which is higher than what they can work on. (stark) The training should be given with regards to the requirements of the job that the employee has to do. Etisalat is using the latest technology available in the market to provide to the market the mobile services. Although it increases the capital requirements and cost of the company, but the customers get the best possible services and moreover running cost or cost of providing services is reduced substantially. Etisalat has picked up a new theory from total quality management, this theory involves that the company shouldnt function on the basis of increasing the number of customers, it should work on improving the quality of the services it is providing, and the customers wil l be attracted on their own if the services being provided are of the best quality. The company should hire only the best educated for properly applying the total quality method. Moreover the company in return should arrange for proper education facilities to the community. This will ultimately help the company itself in the long run. The truth is that Total quality management does not create the quality but it creates the process. Total quality management involves a complete change in the working culture of the people. (stark) It emphasises only and only on quality. The employees at Etisalat had some problem in adopting this new method of working, but as soon as they realised that this was the correct way ahead and it would be giving great rewards in the future they readily accepted it. Etisalats management decided that not only the basic product should be of quality the extra add-ons should also be of the best possible quality. Etisalats management decided that total quality manag ement should be so well adopted by the company that there should be no margin for error at all. Whatever the company is giving to its customers it should be of the best quality, no one else in the market should be giving something or anything better than what Etisalat could provide for. PROBLEMS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH: Since total quality management is comparatively a new approach people are still working on it. All the firms who are trying to adopt this approach face problems while applying this approach. (stark) Each and every firm tries to explore with this new approach. The management at Etisalat has also introduced its own variations in this approach. One of the major problems which were faced by the mangers at Etisalat was the problem of measurement. There is no proper way which has been developed as of now that can measure the change in quality. It has been hard to measure the proper affects of change due to quality. Managers found it hard to measure whether the changes made in the working of the firm due to the total quality management approach were bringing positive or negative results; they ultimately had to refer to the number game to find the effects of total quality approach. Total quality approach on the other hand emphasises the attention of people away from the numbers to quality. T otal quality management is next to useless if it cannot be measured. The change in results must be measured if total quality management approach has to become successful. Moreover it was being realised that it was easier for the middle management and lower working class employees to adjust to the total quality management approach but the upper management at Etisalat found it hard to do so. This was so because upper management was used to working with numbers. It was hard for the top managers and the owners of the company to shift the very approach towards business. They had to change their very beliefs in business. Although total quality management is supposed to decrease costs, but in reality the management at Etisalat found that implementing this approach had infact increased the cost of providing services. Moreover it was found that businesses who are well established like Etisalat and they do not want to innovate a lot also face problems in applying the total quality approach me thod. Total quality management approach also increased the companys capital expenditure as it involved getting the best in line equipments. This involves investing huge amounts of money and maybe some smaller companies may not be able to do so. Moreover after applying the total quality management approach the company had to spend hugely on advertisement to let the world know of its change in approach towards business. The cost of the final service provided was also increased after applying the total quality management approach. The management tried very hard to avoid increase in price but as we all know that the best comes at a price so this increase in price was unavoidable for the people at Etisalat, and many customers did not approve of the change in costs. RESULTS AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT BY ETISALAT: Etisalat was able to identify a lot of things after implementing total quality management approach. It realised that the approach like all other approaches had both positive and negative effects on the functioning of the company, and also it had double effects on the final figures of the company, although surprisingly this approach had many more positive effects than it had negative ones. It was found that this approach affected everyone who worked for the company. Total quality management approach was completely based on team work. Team work was the essence of total quality management. It was although hard to implement because in such a large corporation as Etisalat it was hard to make everyone co-operate with everyone else. Moreover the management realised that it was actually hard for them to remove their attention from the number game and completely focus it on quality management. It was hard to find on the basis of quality that the firm was underperforming or was doing better th an before. It was later found out after a few months of application if total quality management approach that there was a significant increase in the actual numbers of customers. Also there was less number of complaints now. Application of total quality management approach is a hard job; moreover it challenges the very foundation of principles of management of business. Business success before and up till very recently was completely based on numbers, the higher the numbers the better it was. The quality hardly mattered. Whatever sold was considered to be of the best quality. With the application of total quality management everything changed. It did not matter anymore to the management at Etisalat whether the numbers increased or decreased they had to concentrate completely on the quality of services that they were employed to provide. This quality had to be the best. It was a heavy task as it had two aspects attached to it. The first was to actually start providing the best servic es to the people. This included changing various technological equipments, it involved changing the basic equipments used as raw materials, everything every equipment that the company used should be of the best quality, until and unless this happens it would be hard to give the best possible end result. Secondly the customers needed to be informed in the change of policies of the company. This in itself was a humungous task. The management at Etisalat was unsure that whether the customers would take this approach in a positive manner or not. It had to be conveyed to the public that there was a major change which would take place in the way the company functioned. This was very hard because Etisalat has almost 1 billion customers all around the world. But the top management of Etisalat was able to carry out this task properly. Company is now successfully providing the best possible services to its 1 billion customers whether in the tele-communication sector or in the internet service providing sector. CONCLUSION: Total quality management is more of a discipline than anything else. It is concluded that quality is the end product of all the activities undertaken in the total quality management approach. It involves a complete change in the outlook of producers and service providers. It changes their emphasis from mass selling to quality selling. Followers of total quality management believe that providing quality product or service will automatically lead to increased sales. It is important to understand here that providing quality products should not mean that the price of such product can be sky high, the approach should be such that the best quality product should be provided at the best possible price. The pricing should be correct because even if the product is the best in the market but it is overpriced it will not sell. Therefore this involves the working of financial analysts with total quality management approach experts. A balance between the two approaches must be struck. Etisalat ha s understood the importance of total quality management approach. The management of Etisalat are working more and more towards this approach now. They are also trying to communicate this change in their policies in the best possible ways to their customers. The customers have become very demanding all over the world these days and total quality management approach seems to be the only possible way to satisfy the needs of the modern customer.

Pension reform in Europe

Task 6 Are future pensions secured? Bruno Miguel Silva Abrantes Current Issues in Economic Policy Academic year 2012-2013 Contents Are pensions secured? Understanding pensions Pensions aim to handle the transition of a person as worker to retired. So that he enjoy an income provided by the state or another organization and maintain a similar standard of living to what he had while employed and thus have a comfortable life economically, until the end of his life.The second objective of a pension is related to the fght against poverty which is done through a redistribution of income that romotes equity, within the elderly class. 1 There is a growing concern on the part of the European Commission on the sustainability of pension systems in the various countries of the European Union. The recent financial and economic crisis has revealed weaknesses that several countries have and bring into question the sustainability of the pension system. Economic growth slowed, unemployment has risen and the public accounts are in poor condition.One of the more serious implications on future pensions is related to the fact that a large part of the population remains unemployed or is forced to accept Jobs where they get lower ncomes, or work less time, which will result in a lower pension. 2 Further compounding the situation is a major demographic trend towards an aging population. The increase in life expectancy over the past decades, combined with low fertility rates is creating a change in the composition of the population. The number of active workers will decrease while the number of people who are retired will increase.Moreover, the numbers of years that a person remains employed is dwindling, partly because people start to work later, due to the many years spent in education. On the other hand there is a great tendency in obtaining early retirement ue to existing policies and management ot age in What are the main systems of pension funding? the labor market. In several co untries of the EIJ-27 the public sector is largely responsible for pensions, early retirement, disability and survivors. However there are some differences between the various members of the European Union at the level of pensions related to occupational or private pensions.In a generalized way pensions can be classified into three pillars: The public social security system, mandatory or voluntary occupational schemes and voluntary private schemes. The first, public social security system is undoubtedly largely responsible for the allocation of pensions to the population in most member states of the EIJ-27. This pillar can be characterized mainly by the Pay-as-you-go system (PAYG). In this system pensions are financed directly from taxes and social contributions that workers are paying in the present.The taxes are used to pay pensions in the short-term instead of being used to create funds that may grow in the long-term and benefit future generations. 3 Schemes within the second pil lar can be mandatory or voluntary occupational schemes. Participation in these funds is usually mandated by law and aims to provide an adequate pension to retired people according to what they saved during their working life. These funds are created by a company or organization in order to provide proper pensions to their employees, which should correspond to the effort and contribution the workers exercised.Both the employee and the employer contribute to the fund, which grows with the return rates that vary with the state of the market and the economy. The amount of the pension depends on the number of years of service and final salary of the employee. These funds are important to relieve the responsibility of the state to secure pensions in the whole population, but also because it is believed that these organizations are able to grow a fund more effectively than the state would. 4 The third and final pillar is characterized by private schemes. These are schemes that help people to accumulate savings for their retirement.The people who wish to do so can choose from a wide range of schemes who best match their needs. There are funds that are riskier; however the contribution that person does is less than the benefit you will receive if all goes well. On the other hand there are safer funds in which the benefit will match the contribution made. Typically these funds are voluntary and are complementary to government reforms that people receive from the state. 5 Looking at table 7(in appendix) we can divide public pensions, which are part of the first pillar of pensions in various sub-groups.Among which we can find Minimum pension / social allowance, Old age, early retirement, disability and survivors' pensions. Early- retirement, old-age pensions, disability and survivors' pension exist in almost all 27 member states. Early retirement does not exist in the Netherlands, Malta, United Kingdom and Norway. These schemes operate mostly in the form of earnings-relat ed, which means that pensions are assigned according to what people earned and contributed during their working life. However not all countries have adopted this scheme in the same way.In Denmark, survival and disability pensions are awarded according toa flat rate, offering a pension with a fixed value over time. This way of organizing pensions can promote greater social equity it the people who are the target of these flat-rate pensions have not worked or contributed enough to receive a ension that is sufficient to have a good quality of life in old age. However the state has to make an extra effort to fund this pension scheme, an effort that ultimately fall on taxpayers, since the people who will receive these pension contributed less than the amount of pension they will receive. Minimum pension or social allowance schemes exist in all EIJ member-state. These pensions are usually means-tested, in the sense that people are tested to understand whether they are , that is according to what the person has earned and contributed as an employee, or if they did not ork and had no and any gain if they have worked and which contributed received is not enough to access a normal pension. This type of pension is normally financed by taxes on citizens rather than individual contributions of individuals to pension funds. In the 2nd pillar we find Mandatory / voluntary schemes occupation.

Economic And Political Challenges Facing China - 1474 Words

Having a historical record of over three thousand years, China is considered as one of the few countries with a significant continuous civilization. Before the twentieth century, it was under the rule of various dynasties. â€Å"The Xia dynasty was the first dynasty to rule in the country† (Tanner 35). The bureaucratic systems of these regimes resulted to the agrarian civilization that was much better off than the existing nomadic cultures. â€Å"Through the entire period from the 1990s, the country has regained its effectiveness towards both legal and economic reforms prioritized by the government, enabling it to focus more on the improvement of criminal law system as well as in the modernization of the legal personnel† (Niu and State Information†¦show more content†¦In the recent past, China’s economy has grown at a high rate attracting the attention of the foreign investors. Its gross domestic product has also been high, with the year 2014 recording t he highest figure of over ten percent of the world’s economy. The overall structure of its economy has also improved; the unemployment rates have gone down with prices rising at a moderate rate. It is always clear that with a high rate of unemployment within a country, the income levels also tend to be low affecting the living standards of the people, which in turn results to lower productivity levels in the country. Regardless of maintaining a positive balance of payments, the country’s economy also faces some challenges. â€Å"China’s economy is facing economic challenge regarding possibilities of deflationary risks† (Mulroney 15). Its economy is also experiencing relatively high costs incurred during the financing of the enterprises. The local governments are overburdened with massive amounts of debts that need to be clear. All these challenges are slowing down the rate of its economic growth. Politically, the communist party forms the nation’s founding and the ruling party in the modern society. A large number of the party members, approximately eighty-six milling gives it the power to influence various policies not only nationally but also internationally. One of the most pressing issues that the